English
Nederlands
Français
Deutsch
Italiano
日本語
Português
Русский
Español
Türkçe
Tiếng Việt
A saúde imunológica é crucial para se manter saudável. Um sistema imunológico saudável é de grande importância para lidar com diferentes doenças ou enfermidades. Todos nós precisamos melhorar nosso sistema imunológico. O exercício regular ou a ingestão de algum produto natural ou artificial, direta ou indiretamente, estimula o sistema imunológico.
Substâncias naturais que melhoram o sistema imunológico são objeto de investigação nas últimas décadas. Uma ampla gama de produtos sintéticos e naturais está disponível no mercado e são descritos como tendo efeitos imunomoduladores. No entanto, apenas alguns produtos são provavelmente os mais bem estudados, e alguns interessantes são β-glucanos (Goodridge et al., 2009; Stier et al., 2014).
História dos β-glucanos como moduladores do sistema imunológico
Antes de identificar os β-glucanos como moduladores imunológicos, o cogumelo shiitake (Lentinus edodes) no Japão e o Ganoderma luciderm na China eram usados na medicina tradicional, estimulando o sistema imunológico do corpo. O efeito imunomodulador do β-glucano descoberto no século passado.
Desde que mais de 6.000 publicações foram publicadas investigando o efeito de modulação imunológica dos β-glucanos, como habilidades antimicrobianas e antiinflamatórias, os β-glucanos apresentam efeitos imunomoduladores em vários organismos.
Os resultados em humanos e outros animais como peixes, roedores, invertebrados e outros animais de criação são encorajadores. Além disso, outros efeitos benéficos dos β-glucanos incluem cicatrização de feridas, hepatoproteção, antidiabético e redução do colesterol (Novak & Vetvicka, 2008).
Importância dos β-glucanos na modulação imunológica
Vários estudos mostram que β-glucano têm o potencial de melhorar o sistema imunológico. A maioria das opções existe no mercado ao escolher vários produtos para estimular o sistema imunológico, e o β-glucano é um desses produtos. O β-glucano é uma fibra alimentar solúvel em água na parede celular de leveduras, fungos, bactérias, algas, líquenes e plantas (cevada, aveia, algas marinhas).
No entanto, os β-glucanos de diferentes fontes têm diferentes efeitos moduladores, mas não todos. Depende da estrutura química primária do β-glucano. Por exemplo, a celulose um (1,4)-glucano ligado a β não tem qualquer efeito imunomodulador. Embora os β-glucanos derivados de leveduras e fungos, (1,3)-β-ligados com pequenas cadeias de cadeias laterais (1,6)-β-ligadas sejam conhecidos por seu efeito imunomodulador.
Além da estrutura química primária, o efeito imunomodulador do β-glucano também depende de sua solubilidade, massa molecular, estrutura terciária, carga do polímero, padrão de ramificação, conformação da solução e sua fabricação, desde o isolamento até a purificação, afeta sua eficiência de modulação imunológica. Vannucci et al., 2013).
Várias fontes de β-glucanos
Vários β-glucanos funcionam de múltiplas maneiras com base em suas fontes; por exemplo, o beta-glucano à base de cereais reduz o colesterol LDL, cicatriza feridas e lesões na pele. Ainda assim, não há evidências científicas suficientes de que esse tipo de β-glucanos melhore o sistema imunológico.
Os β-glucanos derivados de cogumelos estão associados à redução dos níveis de colesterol, à melhoria da saúde cardíaca, à cicatrização de feridas e, em alguns casos, ao fortalecimento do sistema imunológico até certo ponto.
O β-glucano de levedura é encontrado abundantemente na parede celular da levedura de panificação (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). O β-glucano é um polissacarídeo solúvel em água composto por subunidades de glicose.
O β-glucano derivado de levedura, especificamente a levedura de padeiro Saccharomyces cerevisiae, é bem conhecido por aumentar a imunidade em comparação com a levedura de cerveja. Isso significa que nem todos os β-glucanos derivados de cepas de levedura são igualmente eficientes. Também ajuda na cicatrização de feridas. Para a modulação do sistema imunológico, a fonte de origem de β-glucano é essencial (Seo et al., 2019).
Modo de ação dos β-glucanos na modulação do sistema imunológico
Interação entre células imunológicas e β-glucanos
O trato gastrointestinal humano é um órgão imunológico vital, enriquecido com células dendríticas e células imunológicas de macrófagos. Assim, qualquer coisa que passe pelas células imunológicas do trato gastrointestinal o reconhece. Estas células imunitárias contêm receptores especializados de reconhecimento de padrões (PRRs) que reconhecem e respondem a qualquer estrutura relacionada com micróbios nocivos.
Imunidade adaptativa
With the β-glucan ingestion, cell surface immune receptors, PRRs consider it a foreign substance and directly bind. Then, the binding between these two alert the immune cells and induce a series of biochemical reactions, which renders the immune system behave effectively. So, the innate immune system is a complex signaling network of germ-line encoded pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). The immune cells or other cells usually express to induce various cell signaling pathways. Thus it activates a wide range of signaling pathways. Mainly, it has physiological effects and modulates the immune system. These signaling pathways are related to a group of compounds responsible for physiological effects. Finally, β-glucans help the immune system to react effectively against harmful microorganisms during infection. Thus, β-glucans ensure safety and overall health benefits. Consequently, β-D-glucan triggers innate immune responses and develop adaptive immunity (Murphy et al., 2010; Novak & Vetvicka, 2008).
Yeast β-glucan is versatile in developing an adaptive immune system.
Initially, the β-glucano de levedura triggered the interleukin-1β-(1L-1β) mediated cell signaling responses primarily through macrophages via dectin-1 signaling. Yeast β-glucan stimulates the effect on macrophages and shows strong immune modulation effects. Additionally, the yeast β-glucan interacts with microfold (M)-cells in the small intestine. Then, the M-cells take β-glucan and transport it to the immune cells present in Peyer’s patches from the intestine lumen. Finally, macrophages take up the yeast β-glucan, and it gets degraded. Eventually, it became available to the circulatory system and distributed systemically. Thus, yeast β-glucan are potential activators of the innate immune system that enhance the functional activity of immune cells. Finally, it activates the network of cell signaling pathways, which systemically develop adaptive immune responses against diseases (Murphy et al., 2010; Novak & Vetvicka, 2008).
Why choose yeast β-glucans for immune-modulatory effects?
While selecting the best and high-quality β-glucan, which is safe and effective in modulating the immune system, we need to consider some important points. Levedura β-glucana biological activity, mechanism of action, the chemical structure is well studied, and immune system functioning and supported by research.
Os β-glucanos derivados de leveduras estimulam o sistema imunológico a funcionar de forma eficiente, em vez de aumentá-lo. Ele permite que o sistema imunológico reconheça o patógeno estranho. Ele reconhece os patógenos microbianos e fagocita as células infecciosas e limita a propagação da doença. O β-glucano derivado de levedura é igualmente eficaz para pessoas de todas as idades, desde crianças até idosos. Também é eficaz na liberação do estresse em atletas e mulheres que passam por estresse e melhora a saúde física geral (Seo et al., 2019; Stier et al., 2014; Talbott & Talbot, 2012).
Referência
Goodridge, HS, Wolf, AJ, & Underhill, DM (2009). Reconhecimento de beta-glucano pelo sistema imunológico inato. Revisões Imunológicas, 230(1), 38–50. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.2009.00793.x
Murphy, EA, Davis, JM, & Carmichael, MD (2010). Efeitos imunomoduladores do β-glucano. Opinião Atual em Nutrição Clínica e Cuidados Metabólicos, 13(6), 656–661. https://doi.org/10.1097/MCO.0b013e32833f1afb
Novak, M., & Vetvicka, V. (2008). β-Glucanos, História e o Presente: Aspectos Imunomoduladores e Mecanismos de Ação. Jornal de Imunotoxicologia, 5(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/15476910802019045
Seo, G., Hyun, C., Choi, S., Kim, YM, & Cho, M. (2019). O efeito cicatrizante de quatro tipos de beta-glucano. Química Biológica Aplicada, 62(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13765-019-0428-2
Stier, H., Ebbeskotte, V., & Gruenwald, J. (2014). Immune-modulatory effects of dietary Yeast Beta-1,3/1,6-D-glucan. Nutrition Journal, 13, 38. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-13-38
Talbott, S. M., & Talbott, JA (2012). O suplemento de beta-glucano de levedura de padeiro reduz os sintomas respiratórios superiores e melhora o estado de humor em mulheres estressadas. Jornal do Colégio Americano de Nutrição, 31(4), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1080/07315724.2012.10720441
Vannucci, L., Krizan, J., Sima, P., Stakheev, D., Caja, F., Rajsiglova, L., Horak, V., & Saieh, M. (2013). Immunostimulatory properties and antitumor activities of glucans. International Journal of Oncology, 43(2), 357–364. https://doi.org/10.3892/ijo.2013.1974
45 Respostas
I would like to thank you for the efforts you’ve put in writing this site. I am hoping the same high-grade web site post from you in the upcoming as well. In fact your creative writing abilities has inspired me to get my own blog now. Actually the blogging is spreading its wings quickly. Your write up is a good example of it.
As I website possessor I believe the content matter here is rattling wonderful , appreciate it for your efforts. You should keep it up forever! Good Luck.
Excellent post. I was checking constantly this blog and I am impressed! Extremely useful info particularly the last part 🙂 I care for such info much. I was looking for this certain information for a long time. Thank you and good luck.
The next time I read a blog, I hope that it doesnt disappoint me as much as this one. I mean, I know it was my choice to read, but I actually thought youd have something interesting to say. All I hear is a bunch of whining about something that you could fix if you werent too busy looking for attention.
Well I definitely liked studying it. This information procured by you is very useful for good planning.
You are my intake, I possess few web logs and sometimes run out from to brand.
naturally like your web-site but you need to take a look at the spelling on quite a few of your posts. Several of them are rife with spelling issues and I in finding it very bothersome to inform the reality nevertheless I will surely come again again.
Everything is very open and very clear explanation of issues. was truly information. Your website is very useful. Thanks for sharing.
Would love to constantly get updated outstanding blog! .
Wonderful blog! Do you have any recommendations for aspiring writers? I’m planning to start my own blog soon but I’m a little lost on everything. Would you recommend starting with a free platform like WordPress or go for a paid option? There are so many choices out there that I’m completely overwhelmed .. Any ideas? Thanks a lot!
Rattling superb info can be found on blog. “There used to be a real me, but I had it surgically removed.” by Peter Sellers.
hi!,I like your writing so much! share we communicate more about your post on AOL? I require a specialist on this area to solve my problem. May be that’s you! Looking forward to see you.
Hey there! Quick question that’s entirely off topic. Do you know how to make your site mobile friendly? My weblog looks weird when viewing from my iphone 4. I’m trying to find a theme or plugin that might be able to fix this problem. If you have any recommendations, please share. Thanks!
Saved as a favorite, I really like your blog!
As I site possessor I believe the content material here is rattling wonderful , appreciate it for your hard work. You should keep it up forever! Best of luck.
Costumo blogar e realmente aprecio seu conteúdo. O artigo realmente despertou meu interesse. Vou marcar seu site como favorito e continuar verificando se há novas informações.
One thing I’d really like to touch upon is that weightloss system fast can be achieved by the appropriate diet and exercise. Someone’s size not just affects appearance, but also the complete quality of life. Self-esteem, depressive disorders, health risks, in addition to physical skills are impacted in excess weight. It is possible to do everything right whilst still having a gain. Should this happen, a condition may be the root cause. While a lot of food and not enough physical exercise are usually responsible, common health concerns and widespread prescriptions can certainly greatly help to increase size. Thanks alot : ) for your post here.
Pretty element of content. I just stumbled upon your site and in accession capital to say that I acquire actually loved account your blog posts. Any way I will be subscribing on your feeds or even I success you get right of entry to constantly rapidly.
I think this is one of the most important info for me. And i am glad reading your article. But want to remark on few general things, The web site style is wonderful, the articles is really nice : D. Good job, cheers
Valuable info. Lucky me I found your web site by accident, and I am shocked why this accident didn’t happened earlier! I bookmarked it.
Great site. Plenty of helpful info here. I?m sending it to several buddies ans also sharing in delicious. And of course, thank you to your sweat!
Valuable information. Lucky me I found your website unintentionally, and I am stunned why this coincidence did not came about earlier! I bookmarked it.
Attractive section of content. I just stumbled upon your site and in accession capital to assert that I get in fact enjoyed account your blog posts. Anyway I will be subscribing to your augment and even I achievement you access consistently rapidly.
This article is absolutely incredible! The author has done a fantastic job of conveying the information in an captivating and enlightening manner. I can’t thank him enough for sharing such precious insights that have definitely enlightened my awareness in this topic. Bravo to him for crafting such a gem!
Hello! This is my 1st comment here so I just wanted to give a quick shout out and say I truly enjoy reading your blog posts. Can you suggest any other blogs/websites/forums that deal with the same subjects? Thank you so much!
It is appropriate time to make a few plans for the future and it’s time to be happy. I have read this post and if I could I wish to counsel you some attention-grabbing things or suggestions. Perhaps you can write subsequent articles regarding this article. I want to learn even more things about it!
Thanks for sharing superb informations. Your site is very cool. I’m impressed by the details that you?ve on this web site. It reveals how nicely you perceive this subject. Bookmarked this web page, will come back for extra articles. You, my friend, ROCK! I found just the information I already searched everywhere and simply couldn’t come across. What a perfect web site.
Hey! I could have sworn I’ve been to this website before but after checking through some of the post I realized it’s new to me. Nonetheless, I’m definitely happy I found it and I’ll be bookmarking and checking back often!
I couldn’t agree more about the importance of effective communication in the workplace. Well said!
This actually answered my downside, thank you!
I?m impressed, I must say. Actually not often do I encounter a blog that?s both educative and entertaining, and let me tell you, you may have hit the nail on the head. Your idea is outstanding; the difficulty is one thing that not sufficient individuals are talking intelligently about. I am very blissful that I stumbled throughout this in my seek for one thing regarding this.
Greetings from Los angeles! I’m bored at work so I decided to check out your website on my iphone during lunch break. I love the knowledge you present here and can’t wait to take a look when I get home. I’m surprised at how quick your blog loaded on my cell phone .. I’m not even using WIFI, just 3G .. Anyhow, very good blog!
Ótimas informações compartilhadas .. gostei muito de ler este post, obrigado autor por compartilhar este post .. apreciado
You can definitely see your enthusiasm in the work you write. The world hopes for more passionate writers like you who aren’t afraid to say how they believe. Always follow your heart.
Hello There. I found your blog using msn. This is an extremely well written article. I will make sure to bookmark it and return to read more of your useful info. Thanks for the post. I?ll definitely comeback.
Acho que esse post faz sentido e me ajuda muito, até o momento ainda estou confuso, depois de ler os posts desse site eu entendi.